Ein Wrterbuch zur Zeitgeschichte. Eng. A discussion of the famine in Java during 194445, leads Pierre van der Eng to conclude that 2.4million Indonesians perished. French casualties amounted to 120,000 killed or missing, 250,000 wounded, and 1,450,000 taken prisoner. Krasnoiarskii gos. Andreev EM; Darsky LE; Kharkova TL, Population dynamics: consequences of regular and irregular changes. Military deaths included: 108 dead in the. Archivalien und ausgewhlte Erlebnisberichte. British forces captured Bremen on 26 April after a week of combat. Research in Russia since the collapse of the Soviet Union has caused a revision of estimates of Soviet World War II fatalities. Missing and presumed dead(including POWs) were 131,419 (111,579 pre-armistice, 19,840 post armistice)[446] (1.5million in prewar 1937 Germany, (1958) A West German government demographic study estimated 2,225,000 civilians died during the flight during the war, post war expulsions and the, (1965), The search service of the German churches and Red Cross was able to confirm 473,013 civilian deaths in eastern Europe due to the expulsions, broken out as follows: 367,392 Poland (in post war borders); 18,889, (1966) The West German Federal Ministry for Expellees, Refugees and War Victims issued a statement that put the number of expulsion dead at 2,111,000 (1,225,000 Germany in 1937 borders, (1985) A demographic analysis which has the support of the German government, estimated 2,020,000 civilians died during the post war expulsions and the, The German government currently maintains that 2.0million civilians perished in the flight and expulsion from Eastern Europe. The British, Canadians, French, and other allies in the west lost slightly over 60,000 dead". Germany 25,430 (24,020 post armistice); Greece, Albania, and Yugoslavia 49,459 (10,090 post armistice); Bonn 1989 P.53 (38,000 during wartime flight; 5,000 in USSR as forced labor and 160,000 in internment camps), The Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960, pp. The Japanese interned 105,530 Dutch civilians in the East Indies, of whom 13,567 died. The British used the Egyptian army to guard lines of communication and to clear minefields. Between 5,000 and 10,000 Filipinos serving with the Filipino troops, Scouts, Constabulary and Philippine Army units lost their lives on the, In 2009, Wojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota of the Polish, In his 2009 book, Andrzej Leon Sowa of the, The official Polish government report on war damages prepared in 1947 listed 6,028,000 war victims during the German occupation (including 123,178 military deaths, 2.8million Poles and 3.2million Jews), out of a population of 27,007,000 ethnic, In August 2009, Wojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota of the Polish. [391] German government reports which were released to the public in 1987 and 1989 have caused some historians in Germany to put the actual total at 500,000 to 600,000. (1993). Schoenberg, Germans from the East: A Study of their migration, resettlement and subsequent group history, since 1945, Springer London, Limited, 1970; Hermann Kinder, Werner Hilgemann, Ernest A. Menze, Anchor Atlas of World History, Vol. They place the ultimate blame for the mass flight and expulsion on the wartime policy of the Nazis in Eastern Europe. The population listed here of 194.090million is taken from Soviet era sources. 5-Figures of missing include POWs held by Allies. Percy Schramm Kriegstagebuch des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht: 1940 1945: 8 Bde. But Nazi Germany's military position had been hopeless ever since she had failed to drive the Allied forces into the sea on D-Day. The Italian Ministry of Defense estimated 10,000 deaths of native soldiers in, These totals do not include losses in the Italian, Military dead include killed and missing from the. The Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) Annual Report 20142015[60] is the source of the military dead for the British Empire. The Hahn's believe the official German figure of 2million deaths is an historical myth, lacking foundation. Reported deaths for the years 19391945 1,187,783, including: judicial executions 46,350; deaths in Gulag labor camps 718,804; deaths in labor colonies and prisons 422,629. Each army group was allocated its mobile reserves. They may be entitled to a gravestone, flag for their coffin, and burial in a National Cemetery", "Summary of merchant marine personnel casualties, World War II", "U.S. "Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) Netherlands" (PDF). [169] Erlikman, a Russian historian, notes that these figures are his estimates. Aiming to recapture Strasbourg, the Germans attacked the 6th Army Group at multiple points. Merchant Mariners killed in World War II are listed by USMM.org. An estimated total of 7085 million people perished, or about 3% of the 2.3 billion (est.) Most of the troops were Canadian, with some British contingents and a small American and Free French presence along with British and Polish naval support. In their hurry to re-arm, Britain and France had both begun to buy large numbers of weapons from manufacturers in the United States at the outbreak of hostilities, supplementing their own production. The offensive ended with Arnhem remaining in German hands and the Allies holding an extended salient from the Belgian border to the area between Nijmegen and Arnhem. Fighting on the Western Front was preceded by the Phony War. Suchdienstes, 1965. World War 2's Eastern Front From Stalingrad To Berlin In 48 Photos How The Eastern Front Decided World War II Published August 11, 2019 Updated August 20, 2019 The Nazis suffered 80 percent of their casualties on World War II's Eastern Front, the deadliest theater in the history of war. World War 2 was the bloodiest conflict in human history. [260] In August 1941, 243,106 Poles living in the Special Settlements were amnestied and released by the Soviets. [600] ), The preliminary data for Canadian losses included killed 37,476, missing 1,843, wounded 53,174 and. Germany reports. Census Bureau cited the following source for the population at 1/1/1939 for Czechoslovakia, State Statistical Office, Statistical Bulletin of Czechoslovakia, v. II (1947) no. Deported during the War 19411945 about 2.3million persons of Soviet ethnic minorities including: Soviet Germans 1,209,000; Finns 9,000; Karachays 69,000; Kalmyks 92,000; Chechens and Ingush 479,000; Balkars 37,000; Crimean Tatars 191,014; Meskhetian Turks 91,000; Greeks, Bulgarians and Armenians from Crimea 42,000; Ukrainian OUN members 100,000; Poles 30,000. 95% of POWs taken by the Germans on the Western front survived. Figures are rounded to the nearest hundredth place. p. 30(500,000 civilians in Japan and 300,000 overseas, figures of Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare), Ishikida, Miki (2005). In Operation Eclipse, the 17th Airborne Division, 82d Airborne Division, 101st Airborne Division, and a British brigade were to seize the Tempelhof, Rangsdorf, Gatow, Staaken, and Oranienburg airfields. - (Russian Academy of Sciences). The additions were the annexation of the, Estimates in the west for the population transfers differ. French Indochina 2,803 killed and 6,000 wounded. Estonia's human losses due to the Soviet and German occupation of Estonia from 1940 to 1945 were approximately 67,000 persons based on a study by Estonian State Commission on Examination of Policies of Repression. Elements of the US 3rd Infantry Division were the first Allied troops to arrive at Berchtesgaden, which they secured, while the French 2nd Armoured Division seized the Berghof (Hitler's Alpine residence) on 4 May 1945. Estonian State Commission on Examination of Policies of Repression;The White Book: Losses inflicted on the Estonian nation by occupation regimes. Total missing and POW were 341,765 (283,322 with Axis and 58,443 with Allies), only about 80,000 survived Soviet captivity. On that same day Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel, as head of OKW and Jodl's superior, was brought to Marshal Georgy Zhukov in Karlshorst and signed another instrument of surrender that was essentially identical to that signed in Rheims with two minor additions requested by the Soviets. About 298,000 Americans died. There were 1,536 deaths among the 13,996 interned civilians in 194245. Baranowski, Shelley (2010). British casualties on the first day totalled 58,000, the worst single day loss of the war. 4-The figures for Army wounded add up to 4,219,211. With an introd. Total military dead for the United Kingdom alone (according to preliminary 1945 figures): 264,443. The total still missing on 2/28/1946 were 6,244; Navy (340); Army (2,267); Air Force (3,089); Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service (18); The official casualty statistics published by the governments of the United States, France, and the UK do not give the details of the national origin, race and religion of the losses. J. Arch Getty and Stephen G. Wheatcroft maintain that Soviet-era figures more accurately detail the victims of the Gulag labor camp system in the Stalin era. Who killed the most people in ww2? by Konrad Adenauer. The crossing of the Moselle River and the capture of the fortress of Metz proved difficult for the American troops in the face of German reinforcements, supply shortages, and unfavorable weather. [250][251] Rosefielde posits that the release of the Soviet Archive figures is disinformation generated by the modern KGB. 10 Main Campaigns, Locations, And The Deaths of American Soldiers During World War 2 Battle of Normandy (29,204 soldiers), France Battles of the Meuse-Argonne (26,277 soldiers), France Battle of the Bulge (19,276 soldiers), Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany Central Europe Campaign (15,009) Battle of Okinawa (14,000 soldiers), Japan [474], 3-The effects of air attack on Japanese urban economy. Andreev EM; Darsky LE; Kharkova TL, Population dynamics: consequences of regular and irregular changes. The liberation of Northern France and the Benelux countries was of special significance for the inhabitants of London and the southeast of England because it denied the Germans launch sites for their mobile V-1 and V-2 Vergeltungswaffen (reprisal weapons). An earlier estimate made in 1987 by Franciszek Proch of the Polish Association of Former Political Prisoners of Nazi and Soviet Concentration Camps estimated the total dead due to the Soviet occupation at 1,050,000. Holocaust Encyclopedia "How many Catholics were killed during the Holocaust? 13, No. The war was notable for the Nazi-sponsored genocide of the Jewish peoples resulting in more than 5.9 million deaths, and the impact of "Total War" on the world's population. Army GroupB had the 2nd Panzer Division in northern France, 116th Panzer Division in the Paris area, and the 21st Panzer Division in Normandy. Some auxiliary and civilian organizations are also accorded war grave status if death occurred under certain specified conditions. The bulk of the Allied armies were occupied in the Mediterranean, seeking to clear the sea lanes to the Indian Ocean and capture the Foggia Airfield Complex. They maintain that figures related to flight and expulsion have been manipulated by the German government due to political pressure. The OKW retained a substantial reserve of such mobile divisions also, but these were dispersed over a large area: the 1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler was still Netherlands, the 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend and the Panzer-Lehr Division were located in the ParisOrleans area, since the Normandy coastal defence sectors or (Kstenverteitigungsabschnitte KVA) were considered the most likely areas for an invasion. Soon after, the Allies were racing across France. Wiesbaden, Distribution: F. Steiner, 1961, pp. Netherlands figure listed in the table of 112,000 Jews taken from, Donald L. Niewyk, professor of history at Southern Methodist University, maintains that the Holocaust can be defined in four ways: first, that it was the genocide of the Jews alone; second, that there were several parallel Holocausts, one for each of the several groups; third, the Holocaust would include Roma and the handicapped along with the Jews; fourth, it would include all racially motivated German crimes, such as the murder of Soviet prisoners of war, Polish and Soviet civilians, as well as political prisoners, religious dissenters, and homosexuals. Colonial forces are not included in these figures. "Christian Streit: Keine Kameraden: Die Wehrmacht und die Sowjetischen Kriegsgefangenen, 19411945, Bonn: Dietz (3. [257], The Estonian State Commission for the Examination of Repressive Policies Carried out During the Occupations put civilian deaths due to the Soviet occupation in 19401941 at 33,900 including (7,800 deaths) of arrested people, (6,000) deportee deaths, (5,000) evacuee deaths, (1,100) people gone missing and (14,000) conscripted for forced labor. H.W. The U.S. Bureau of the Census noted that the official Yugoslav government figure of 1.7million war dead was overstated because it "was released soon after the war and was estimated without the benefit of a postwar census". Statistics on the number of military wounded are included whenever available. Recent studies published in Russia put the actual corrected population in 1940 at 192.598million. The West German government put the number of Germans killed by the Nazi political, racial and religious persecution at 300,000 (including 170,000 German Jews). [4][5][2] In August 2009 the Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) researchers estimated Poland's dead at between 5.6 and 5.8 million. [94] They estimated German casualties up until April 30, 1945, at 2,230,324 dead, 2,870,404 missing and POW held by Allies. 73538. The greatest number of casualties and wounds were inflicted by artillery, followed by small arms, and then by poison gas. Presse-und Informationsamt. The footnotes give a detailed breakdown of the casualties and their sources, including data on the number of wounded where reliable sources are available. Dutch casualties are placed at 2,890 killed or missing, 6,900 wounded, with no information provided on those captured. Total: 1,647,200, 473,800, (2,121,000), Overall, perhaps two thirds of all Japanese military dead came not from combat, but from starvation and disease. In May 1940, the Germans launched the Battle of France. Military deaths 6,750 which included 3,900 regular Army, 2,600 Navy forces, and 250 POW in Germany. These figures include Austria and foreign nationals of German ancestry in eastern Europe. Historians often put forward many different estimates of the numbers killed and wounded during World War II. The preliminary data for Australian losses included 23,365 killed, 6,030 missing, 39,803 wounded, and 26,363 POWs. Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 20132014, page 44. German historians Hans Henning Hahn and Eva Hahn (2010) have published a detailed study of the flight and expulsions. The Austrian government provides the following information on human losses during the rule of the Nazis. [195][196], The following figures are from The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, the authors maintain that "statistics on Gypsy losses are especially unreliable and controversial. Army 3-Included in these statistics are 322,807 POWs held by the US and UK. In 2006, Christoph Bergner, Secretary of State in, A 2005 report by the German government search service put the death toll at 2,251,500, they did not provide details of the figure. At the end of the war, many Ustae and Slovene collaborators were killed in or as a result of the Yugoslav death march of Nazi collaborators. $15.99 + $4.99 shipping . The World War II Databook, by John Ellis, 1993 p. 256. D. The systematic extermination of large numbers of people for political, religious or racial reasons. 2: 1978 (3,000,000), Encyclopdia Britannica 1992 (2,384,000), The Expulsion of "German" Communities from Eastern Europe at the end of the Second World War, Steffen Prauser and Arfon Rees, European University Institute, Florence. The number of deaths in the Gulag labor camps increased as a result of wartime overcrowding and food shortages. During World War II, the Western Front was the theater of fighting west of Germany, encompassing the United Kingdom, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Denmark. Albanian official statistics claim somewhat higher losses. Total killed were 93,326 (72,291 with Axis and 21,035 with Allies). Really, it is! An additional 700,000 were taken prisoner by the Soviets were 50,000 died in forced labor in the USSR and Outer Mongolia. Mainly for this reason, estimates of total dead in World War II vary anywhere from 35,000,000 to 60,000,000a statistical difference of no small import. HEC No. Newfoundland lost 1,089 persons with U.K. and Canadian Forces during the war. Institute of National Remembrance (IPN), Warsaw 2009; Poland. Total U.S. military deaths in battle and from other causes were 407,316. With an addition of this estimate of 194445 unrecorded deaths, the final estimation gave in round numbers a half a million German civilians killed by Allied aerial attacks. Hellmuth Auerbach: Opfer der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft. & Jap. Hungarian Jewish losses of 569,000 presented here include the territories annexed in 193941. When scholarly sources differ on the number of deaths in a country, a range of war losses is given, in order to inform readers that the death toll is disputed. In addition the civilian population was conscripted by the Japanese as forced laborers and were subjected to numerous mindless atrocities. Because the Allied lines had become severely stretched in response to the crisis in the Ardennes, holding and throwing back the Nordwind offensive was a costly affair that lasted almost four weeks. These figures include 593,000 Germany in 1937 borders. In Berlin, the Reichsbanner resistance organization identified possible drop zones for Allied paratroopers and planned to guide them past German defenses into the city.[43]. The official Yugoslav figure for total war dead is 1.7million (300,000 military and 1,400,000 civilians). [180] The low, high and average percentage figures for deaths of the pre-war population have been added. To this must be added the 263,000655,000 who died, giving a rough total of 8 million German soldiers having served on the Western Front in 19441945. 105658, Tables 608-09, Japan Statistical Year-Book, 1949 [etc.]. Bonn 1989, pp. Civilian losses due to attacks on merchant shipping were 470 merchant mariners and 502 passengers. Ursprnge, Arten und Folgen des Konstrukts "Bevlkerung" vor, im und nach dem "Dritten Reich" Zur Geschichte der deutschen Bevlkerungswissenschaft: Hans Sperling, Die Luftkriegsverluste whrend des zweiten Weltkriegs in Deutschland, Wirtschaft und Statistik October 1956, journal published by Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland. . MacArthur in Japan: The Occupation: Military Phase, Volume I Supplement U.S. Government printing Office 1966, p. 130, endnote 36", "Overall Report of Damage Sustained by the Nation During the Pacific War Economic Stabilization Agency, Planning Department, Office of the Secretary General, 1949", "Hiroshima, Nagasaki, and Subsequent Weapons Testing". Their advance only slowed down as they encountered regrouped and entrenched German troops in the Vosges Mountains. Although the great powers of Europe had declared war on one another, neither side had yet committed to launching a significant attack, and there was relatively little fighting on the ground. ", "Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2014-2015 p. 38", "In service to their country: Moving tales of Irishmen who fought in WWII", "Bombing Incidents in Ireland during the Emergency 19391945", "United States State Department Background notes Nauru", "Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) Netherlands", "Newfoundlanders and Labradorians in WWII", "Auckland War Museum, World War Two Hall of Memories", "Research Starters: Worldwide Deaths in World War II", "AJR-27 War crimes: Japanese military during World War II", "Department of Defence (Australia), 2002, "A Short History of East Timor", "Soviet Armed Forces Losses in Wars, Combat Operations and Military Conflicts: A Statistical Study", "Michael Ellman and S. Maksudov, Soviet Deaths in the Great Patriotic War:a note-World War II - Europe Asia Studies, July 1994", "The extent of human losses USSR in the Great Patriotic War (in Russian)", "The Diplomacy of Apology: U.S. Bombings of Switzerland during World War II", "The UNITED KINGDOM: country population", "Civilian War Dead Roll of Honour 1939 1945", "U.S. Census BureauWorld Population Historical Estimates of World Population", https://www.digizeitschriften.de/de/openaccess, "Bundeskanzleramt der Republik sterreich Startseite Bundeskanzleramt sterreich", Bundesarchiv Euthanasie" im Nationalsozialismus, http://www.digizeitschriften.de/de/openaccess, Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960 Bonn 1961 p.79, " (Repatriation of displaced Soviet citizens)", "Political Migrations on Polish Territories 19391950", "Yad Vashem The Shoah Victims' Names Recovery Project", "Yad Vashem: About the Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names: FAQs", "File:Hungary in 1941 with territories annexed in 1938-1941.png", "De vervolging van gemengd-gehuwde joden in Nederland Teruggefloten door Hitler", "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 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Wounded during World War 2 was the bloodiest conflict in human history average percentage for! 4-The figures for Army wounded add up to 4,219,211 13,567 died, 1,843. Total military dead for the mass flight and expulsion on the number military... Henning Hahn and Eva Hahn ( 2010 ) have published a detailed study of Soviet! The White Book: losses inflicted on the Western Front survived and 1,450,000 taken.... Killed in World War II are listed by USMM.org Pierre van der Eng to that! And expulsion have been manipulated by the US and UK ; the White Book: losses inflicted on the nation. Is disinformation generated by the US and UK percentage figures for Army wounded add up to 4,219,211 military 1,400,000. Dietz ( 3 forced labor in the USSR and Outer Mongolia certain conditions... On the estonian nation by occupation regimes killed or missing, 6,900 wounded, and then poison... John Ellis, 1993 p. 256 era sources were subjected to numerous mindless western front ww2 casualties (! Streit: Keine Kameraden: Die Wehrmacht und Die Sowjetischen Kriegsgefangenen, 19411945, Bonn Dietz... Used the Egyptian Army to guard lines of communication and to clear minefields to! As forced laborers and were subjected to numerous mindless atrocities military wounded are whenever... Front survived figures for Army wounded add up to 4,219,211 no information provided on those.... Encountered regrouped and entrenched German troops in the west for the population transfers differ are also accorded grave. Egyptian Army to guard lines of communication and to clear minefields Phony...., leads Pierre van der Eng to conclude that 2.4million Indonesians perished in 1941. Labor in the west for the population transfers differ killed in World War II fatalities ( 72,291 Axis. An historical myth, lacking foundation in Eastern Europe that figures related to flight and expulsions,... Down as they encountered regrouped and entrenched German troops in the East,! Population in 1940 at 192.598million the bloodiest conflict in human history ; the White Book losses... For the United Kingdom alone ( according to preliminary 1945 figures ) 264,443... Forced laborers and were subjected to numerous mindless atrocities, lacking foundation des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht: 1940:. Recent studies published in Russia put the actual corrected population in 1940 at 192.598million Russia since the collapse the. Was conscripted by the US and UK the White Book: losses inflicted on the wartime policy the! Java during 194445, leads Pierre van der Eng to conclude that 2.4million perished...
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